Typological analysis

The table compares how the category of gender is expressed in German, Uzbek and Russian personal names.

Table 3. Ways of expressing the category of gender (German–Uzbek–Russian)
Gender markingGermanUzbekRussian
MethodConventional (modern)Semantic-morphologicalMorphological-inflectional
Female markerEnding or tradition-oy, -gul, -niso, bonu-a / -ya
Male markerTradition (convention)-bek, -xon, -ali, -murodConsonant ending
Specific elementGender neutralization (Luca, Toni/Tony, Alex)Hybrid formant (Mohlaroyim, Gulchehra)Patronymic (-ovich/-ovna)
Degree of systematicityLow (in modern form)HighUpper-medium

The ending tells the gender

For every marker in the table, the site counts how often it occurs in the female and male names of the database.

-oy female name marker
In female names 9.4% · 26 / 277
In male names 1.9% · 5 / 266

Examples: Barchinoy, E’zozoy, Eshonoy, Guloy, Irodaoy, Jannatoy

-gul- female name marker
In female names 6.9% · 19 / 277
In male names 0% · 0 / 266

Examples: Bibigul, Erkagul, Ezgul, Gulbahor, Gulnora, Gulnoza

-niso female name marker
In female names 2.2% · 6 / 277
In male names 0% · 0 / 266

Examples: Lutfiniso, Mehriniso, Nuriniso, Umriniso, Xayriniso, O‘g‘ilniso

-bonu female name marker
In female names 0.7% · 2 / 277
In male names 0% · 0 / 266

Examples: Bonu, G‘aniyabonu

-bek male name marker
In female names 0% · 0 / 277
In male names 7.9% · 21 / 266

Examples: Dilmurodbek, Diyorbek, Elbek, Fozilbek, Jo‘rabek, Lazizbek

-xon male name marker
In female names 4.3% · 12 / 277
In male names 0% · 0 / 266

No examples in the database

-ali male name marker
In female names 0% · 0 / 277
In male names 2.3% · 6 / 266

Examples: Erali, Luqmonali, Umarali, Vali, Yigitali, G‘ulomali

-murod- male name marker
In female names 0% · 0 / 277
In male names 1.5% · 4 / 266

Examples: Dilmurod, Dilmurodbek, Eshmurod, Murod

The count compares letters formally: the marker -oy, for example, is also found in the name “Jumaboy”.

Male and female name pairs

Male and female names formed from one stem: the dictionary has 93 pairs.